Apollo: 1963-1972

The Apollo Program landed humans on the Moon and brought them back safely to Earth. After 16 uncrewed vehicle-testing missions and the tragedy of the Apollo 1 launch pad fire, the Earth-orbiting Apollo 7 and 9 missions tested the Command and Lunar Modules. Apollos 8 and 10 tested various components while orbiting the Moon, and returned photography of the lunar surface. Six lunar landings (Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) returned a wealth of scientific data and almost 400 kilograms of lunar samples. Apollo 13 did not land on the Moon due to a malfunction. Three planned Apollo missions (Apollo 18, 19 and 20) were cancelled.

Lunar Exploration

Lunar Exploration Timeline
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html

Moon Fact Sheet
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html

Apollo Histories and Overviews

Where No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4214/cover.html

Apollo Expeditions to the Moon
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-350/cover.html

The Decision to Go to the Moon:
President John F. Kennedy's May 25, 1961 Speech
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/moondec.html

Apollo Over the Moon: A View from Orbit
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/cover.htm

The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm

Chariots For Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/cover.html

Managing NASA in the Apollo Era
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4102/sp4102.htm

NASA Engineers and the Age of Apollo
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4104/sp4104.htm

Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/sp4206.htm

Apollo By The Numbers: A Statistical Reference
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm

Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/cover.html

Apollo Goals
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-goals.txt

Apollo Missions
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/index.html

NASA Apollo Press Kits
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-prskits.html

NASA U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture Program
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/spacesuits/index.htm

Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/cover.html

Project Apollo Drawings and Technical Diagrams
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/diagrams/apollo.html

Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_lrv.html

JSC Apollo Digital Image Collection
http://images.jsc.nasa.gov

An Annotated Bibliography of the Apollo Program
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollobib/cover.html

Lunar Surface Journals
https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/

JSC Lunar Samples Curation
https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/index.html

Where No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing a Flag on the Moon
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/flag/flag.htm

NASA Links about Apollo
http://history.nasa.gov/apollo.html

Life Sciences Data Archive Searchable Database
http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov

The Apollo Program (1963 - 1972)
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo.html

The Apollo 1 Launch Pad Accident

Apollo 1
27 January 1967

Tragic Loss of Three Apollo Astronauts
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/

Annotated Bibliography About The Apollo 204 Fire
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/biblio.html

Apollo 204 Review Board Report.
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/
as204report.html

Effects of and responses to Apollo 204 Review Board Report
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/concl.html

Apollo 1 Information at Kennedy Space Center
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-1/apollo-1.html

Apollo 1 information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo1info.html

Apollo Crewed Earth-Orbiting Missions

Apollo 7
Launched 11 October 1968
First crewed Apollo flight
Splashdown 22 October 1968

Apollo 7 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo7.html

Apollo 7 Press Kit
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj//a410/A07_PressKit.pdf

Apollo Lunar Missions
The Apollo lunar missions consisted of a Command Module (CM) and a Lunar Module (LM). The CM and LM would separate after lunar orbit insertion. One crew member would stay in the CM, which would orbit the Moon, while the other two astronauts would take the LM down to the lunar surface. After exploring the surface, setting up experiments, taking pictures, collecting rock samples, etc., the astronauts would return to the CM for the journey back to Earth.

Apollo Lunar Landing Sites
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/lunarlanding.html

Apollo Lunar Landings Map
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/moon_landing_map.jpg

Apollo 8
Launched 21 December 1968
Lunar Orbit and Return
Returned to Earth 27 December 1968

Apollo 8 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo8.html

Apollo 8 Press Kit
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj//a410/A08_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 8 Christmas Eve Broadcast
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo8_xmas.html

Apollo 8: Earth's Rise to a New Era
https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/assets/JSCHistoryPortal/history/
apollo8_mp3/apollo8.htm

December: A Significant Month in Apollo
https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/assets/JSCHistoryPortal/history/
special_events/Apollo_Dec.htm

Apollo 9
Launched 03 March 1969
First crewed Lunar Module test
Splashdown 13 March 1969

Apollo 9 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo9.html

Apollo 9 Press Kit
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj//a410/A09_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 10
Launched 18 May 1969
Lunar Orbit and Return
Returned to Earth 26 May 1969

Apollo 10 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo10.html

Apollo 10 Press Kit
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj//a410/A10_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 11
Launched 16 July 1969
Landed on Moon 20 July 1969
Sea of Tranquility
Returned to Earth 24 July 1969

Apollo 11: The First Lunar Landing
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/
FirstLunarLanding/toc.html

Apollo 11 Launch Videos
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/video/apollo/apollo11/
html/launch.html

Apollo 11 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11info.html

Apollo 11 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo11.html

Apollo 11 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/A11_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 11 25th Anniversary
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11.html

Apollo 11 30th Anniversary
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/introduction.htm

Where No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing a Flag on the Moon
https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/assets/JSCHistoryPortal/history/flag/flag.htm

Apollo 12
Launched 14 November 1969
Landed on Moon 19 November 1969
Ocean of Storms
Returned to Earth 24 November 1969

Apollo 12 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a12/a12.html

Apollo 12 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo12info.html

Apollo 12 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/A12_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 12 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo12.html

Apollo 13
Launched 11 April 1970
Lunar Flyby and Return
Malfunction forced cancellation of lunar landing
Returned to Earth 17 April 1970

Apollo 13 Accident Chronology
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/
apollo13chron.html

Apollo 13 Accident Information
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13acc.html

Apollo 13 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a13/a13.html

Apollo 13 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo13info.html

Apollo 13 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo13.html

Apollo 13 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a13/A13_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 14
Launched 31 January 1971
Landed on Moon 5 February 1971
Fra Mauro
Returned to Earth 9 February 1971

Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a14/a14.html

Apollo 14 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo14info.html

Apollo 14 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo14.html

Apollo 14 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/A14_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 15
Launched 26 July 1971
Landed on Moon 30 July 1971
Hadley Rille
Returned to Earth 7 August 1971

Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a15/a15.html

Apollo 15 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo15info.html

Apollo 15 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo15.html

Apollo 15 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/A15_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 16
Launched 16 April 1972
Landed on Moon 20 April 1972
Descartes
Returned to Earth 27 April 1972

Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/a16.html

On The Moon with Apollo 16: A guidebook to the Descartes Region
http://history.nasa.gov/EP-95/ep95.htm

Apollo 16 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo16info.html

Apollo 16 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo16.html

Apollo 16 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/A16_PressKit.pdf

Apollo 17
Launched 07 December 1972
Landed on Moon 11 December 1972
Taurus-Littrow
Returned to Earth 19 December 1972

Apollo 17 Lunar Surface Journal
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a17/a17.html

Apollo 17 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo17info.html

Apollo 17 Information at NASA Headquarters
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo17.html

Apollo 17 Press Kit
http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/A17_PressKit.pdf

December: A Significant Month in Apollo
https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/assets/JSCHistoryPortal/history/
special_events/Apollo_Dec.htm

Apollo 18, 19 & 20 - The Cancelled Missions
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_18_20.html

Communications Transcripts: Mercury Through Apollo
https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/assets/JSCHistoryPortal/history
/mission_trans/mission_transcripts.htm